抹灰石膏的發展近況

　　Development status of plastering gypsum

　　01國外抹灰石膏的發展上世紀50年代末，隨著德國干混砂漿的快速發展，德國可耐福集團開發了單層石膏基抹灰干混砂漿產品。上世紀60年代中期他們又發明了單層石膏抹灰砂漿噴涂機PFT-G5C及機噴用抹灰石膏產品MP75，并在隨后開啟了抹灰石膏機械化施工的革命，從此抹灰石膏的技術及市場發展進入了一個新的發展階段。歐美先進發達國家早在40年前已大量使用抹灰石膏。如德國現在75%以上抹灰材料是抹灰石膏；英國抹灰石膏的使用占石膏建材總量的50%；法國占石膏制品總和的23%；西班牙室內抹灰90%使用抹灰石膏，還有日本抹灰石膏產量在二十世紀七十年代末就達到40萬噸。02國內抹灰石膏的發展我國抹灰石膏的研究與發展相對較晚，直到上世紀80年代初期相關科研院所才開始進行抹灰石膏的研究。隨著相關技術問題的不斷解決和各項政策的逐步推進，抹灰石膏開始進入市場。進入本世紀以來，由于抹灰石膏的研究、生產、應用技術已趨于完善，而且其性能優點也開始被施工人員接受，抹灰石膏在國內進入了較快速的發展。自2014年以來，隨著機噴應用的快速發展，抹灰石膏的增長已經進入一個加速期。根據相關·統計資料，2019年抹灰石膏的用量已達到400萬噸。03市場狀況國內：2024年抹灰石膏的用量已達到440萬噸，預計2026年我國抹灰石膏的實際需求量將超過600萬噸。抹灰石膏的市場i出眾容量預估為1200萬噸，目前抹灰石膏正處于快速發展階段。 ??發達國家：抹灰石膏總的用量已達到全部抹灰用量的50%，有的甚至高達70%。PART2抹灰石膏的定義及技術要求指標

　　In the late 1950s, with the rapid development of dry mix mortar in Germany, the German Knauf Group developed a single-layer gypsum based plaster dry mix mortar product. In the mid-1960s, they invented the single-layer gypsum plastering mortar spraying machine PFT-G5C and the machine spraying plastering gypsum product MP75, and subsequently launched a revolution in the mechanization of plastering gypsum construction. From then on, the technology and market development of plastering gypsum entered a new stage of development. Advanced developed countries in Europe and America have been extensively using plaster gypsum as early as 40 years ago. Currently, over 75% of plastering materials in Germany are plaster gypsum; The use of plastering gypsum in the UK accounts for 50% of the total amount of gypsum building materials; France accounts for 23% of the total gypsum products; 90% of indoor plastering in Spain uses plaster, and Japan's plaster production reached 400000 tons in the late 1970s. The development of plastering gypsum in China was relatively late, and it was not until the early 1980s that relevant research institutes began to study plastering gypsum. With the continuous resolution of relevant technical issues and the gradual promotion of various policies, plaster gypsum has begun to enter the market. Since the beginning of this century, due to the improvement of research, production, and application technology of plaster gypsum, and the acceptance of its performance advantages by construction personnel, plaster gypsum has entered a relatively rapid development in China. Since 2014, with the rapid development of machine spraying applications, the growth of plastering gypsum has entered an accelerated period. According to relevant statistical data, the amount of plaster used in 2019 has reached 4 million tons. Market situation in China: The usage of plaster gypsum has reached 4.4 million tons in 2024, and it is expected that the actual demand for plaster gypsum in China will exceed 6 million tons by 2026. The estimated maximum capacity of the plastering gypsum market is 12 million tons, and currently plastering gypsum is in a rapid development stage. Developed countries: The total amount of gypsum used for plastering has reached 50% of the total plastering amount, and some even up to 70%. Definition and technical requirements indicators of PART2 plastering gypsum

　　抹灰石膏是以半水石膏（CaSO4·1/2H2O)和Ⅱ型無水硫酸鈣（Ⅱ型CaSO4）單獨或兩者混合后作為主要膠凝材料，摻入外加劑制成的抹灰材料。2019年，中散協組織業內知名企業、專家學者編寫《輕質抹灰用半水石膏》，推動行業發展進入新階段。機械噴涂抹灰石膏是采用機械噴涂抹灰工藝的石膏抹灰材料，需要一定技術要求和工地實踐經驗。

　　Plastering gypsum is a plastering material made by mixing semi hydrated gypsum (CaSO4 · 1/2H2O) and type II anhydrous calcium sulfate (type II CaSO4) alone or in combination as the main binding material, and adding additives. In 2019, Zhongsan Association organized well-known enterprises, experts and scholars in the industry to compile "Semi hydrated Gypsum for Lightweight Plastering", promoting the development of the industry into a new stage. Mechanical spray plastering gypsum is a gypsum plastering material that uses mechanical spray plastering technology and requires certain technical requirements and practical experience on the construction site.

　　PART3抹灰石膏的性能說明及優勢

　　Performance description and advantages of PART3 plaster gypsum

　　01性能說明近年來，抹灰石膏以其良好的物理力學性能及操作性能，在國內也日益得到認可和推廣使用，其具有以下特點：

　　In recent years, plaster gypsum has been increasingly recognized and promoted for its excellent physical, mechanical, and operational properties in China. It has the following characteristics:

　　（1）抹灰石膏具有良好的和易性、保水性。上墻后操作自如、收光容易、施工方便。（非常在沖筋施工工藝中）

　　(1) Gypsum plaster has good workability and water retention. Easy to operate after climbing the wall, easy to receive light, and convenient for construction. (Especially in the process of reinforcing construction)

　　（2）采用抹灰石膏抹灰，工程質量好，墻面致密光滑而不起灰，有較高的強度和不收縮、不空鼓、不開裂、無氣味。

　　(2) Using plaster gypsum for plastering, the project quality is good, the wall surface is dense and smooth without plastering, with high strength, no shrinkage, no hollowing, no cracking, and no odor.

　　（3）抹灰石膏抹灰層凝結硬化快，在底層抹灰完成后約3-4小時就可進行面層抹灰，其裝修工程工期可縮短60%左右，大大提高工作效率，加快了工程進度。

　　(3) The setting and hardening of the plaster layer is fast, and the surface plastering can be carried out in about 3-4 hours after the bottom plastering is completed. The decoration project period can be shortened by about 60%, greatly improving work efficiency and accelerating project progress.

　　（4）抹灰石膏適合冬季（0℃以上）搶修工程，其水化速度不因氣溫偏低而明顯減慢，只要拌合水不結冰，即可早強快硬，是冬季室內抹灰施工的好材料。

　　(4) Plastering gypsum is suitable for emergency repair projects in winter (above 0 ℃), and its hydration rate does not significantly slow down due to low temperatures. As long as the mixed water does not freeze, it can be quickly strengthened and hardened, making it a good material for indoor plastering construction in winter.

　　（5）抹灰石膏硬化體是一種多孔材料，導熱系數一般在0.35W/(m·K） 左右，其保溫隔熱能力在相同厚度條件下是紅磚的2倍、混凝土的3倍。同時，抹灰石膏硬化體可減小聲壓，防止聲能透射，故隔音性能良好，符合建筑空間的要求。

　　(5) Plaster gypsum hardened body is a porous material with a thermal conductivity of generally around 0.35W/(m · K). Its insulation and heat preservation ability is twice that of red bricks and three times that of concrete under the same thickness conditions. At the same time, the hardened body of plastering gypsum can reduce sound pressure and prevent sound energy transmission, so it has good sound insulation performance and meets the requirements of building space.

　　02抹灰石膏優勢以建筑石膏粉為主要原料，摻入集料和外加劑預攪拌制成的專門用于機械噴涂的干混砂漿，材料各項目性能及指標都符合國家標準GB/T28627-2012《抹灰石膏》和施工執行行業標準CBMF ?10-2016《機噴抹灰石膏應用技術規程》要求。抹灰石膏抹灰層具有吸濕性能與排濕性能，有利于多孔墻材面自身干燥。從而可使多孔墻體材料墻面內部含水率下降，避免了因多孔墻材內部含水率不均勻而引起內應力的弊端。因此在多孔材料墻面上用抹灰石膏抹灰有利于墻體長期穩定。抹灰石膏與明顯基材大多能很好地粘結在一起，并不受厚度限制，不會出現空鼓、開裂現象。因抹灰石膏的和易性與料漿流動性均好，易滲透到墻壁或頂棚的空隙及凹凸縱橫的縫隙中，硬化后體積微膨脹，構成鍵榫與細小勾掛系統，加強了抹灰層與墻面的粘結強度，所以抹灰石膏在光滑的混凝土表面上無需鑿毛就可直接抹灰。尤其是將抹灰石膏抹在加氣混凝土墻面上效果更加。由于抹灰石膏的粘結力好，在操作中落地灰少、省工省料，為實現文明施工起到一定的作用。呼吸功能：石膏硬化過程中，形成無數個微小的蜂窩狀呼吸孔，當室內環境適度較大時，呼吸孔自動吸濕，在相反條件下，又能自動釋放儲備的水分，這樣反復循環，能巧妙地將室內濕度控制在適宜的范圍之內，為居住者創造了良好舒適的生活環境。石膏中結晶水含量占整個分子量的20.9%，當建筑物發生火災時，只要墻體抹灰層中石膏所含水分沒有全部釋放和蒸發，墻面溫度就不會超過40℃。因此，可延緩墻體升溫時間，控制火災對建筑物的危害損失程度。

　　The advantage of 02 plastering gypsum is that it is a dry mixed mortar specially used for mechanical spraying, which is mainly made of building gypsum powder and pre mixed with aggregates and additives. The performance and indicators of each project of the material meet the requirements of the national standard GB/T28627-2012 "Plastering Gypsum" and the construction execution industry standard CBMF 10-2016 "Technical Regulations for Application of Mechanical Spraying Plastering Gypsum". The gypsum plaster layer has moisture absorption and drainage properties, which are beneficial for the self drying of porous wall materials. Thus, the moisture content inside the porous wall material can be reduced, avoiding the disadvantage of internal stress caused by uneven moisture content inside the porous wall material. Therefore, using plaster gypsum on porous material walls is beneficial for long-term stability of the wall. Gypsum plaster can bond well with any substrate without thickness limitations, and there will be no hollowing or cracking. Due to the good workability and fluidity of the plaster, it is easy to penetrate into the gaps and vertical and horizontal gaps of walls or ceilings. After hardening, the volume slightly expands, forming a key tenon and small hook system, which strengthens the bonding strength between the plaster layer and the wall surface. Therefore, plaster can be directly applied on smooth concrete surfaces without chiseling. Especially when plastering gypsum on aerated concrete walls, the effect is even better. Due to the good bonding strength of plastering gypsum, it reduces the amount of plaster on the ground during operation, saves labor and materials, and plays a certain role in achieving civilized construction. Breathing function: During the hardening process of gypsum, countless tiny honeycomb shaped breathing holes are formed. When the indoor environment is moderately large, the breathing holes automatically absorb moisture, and under opposite conditions, they can automatically release stored moisture. This repeated cycle cleverly controls the indoor humidity within a suitable range, creating a good and comfortable living environment for residents. The crystalline water content in gypsum accounts for 20.9% of the total molecular weight. When a building catches fire, as long as the moisture content in the gypsum plaster layer is not fully released and evaporated, the wall temperature will not exceed 40 ℃. Therefore, it can delay the heating time of the wall and control the degree of damage and loss caused by the fire to the building.

　　03抹灰石膏機械噴涂優勢德國幾乎100%的建筑工地采用機械化施工，機械化施工的原因主要是環保、經濟、快捷和對施工質量的保證。降低環境污染——無需現場混合砂漿，機械可以全自動或半自動將干混砂漿按要求與水混合均勻。降低勞動力成本——無需專人混合砂漿與搬運砂漿，通過設備進行混合與輸送。提高施工效率——機械化施工的效率是人工施工效率的3-5倍。提高施工質量——砂漿通過一定空氣加速后噴射到墻面，砂漿與墻面的濕粘接力更強；砂漿連續地噴射到墻面，具有較好的延續性，可有效防止空鼓與開裂。

　　03 Advantages of mechanical spraying of plastering gypsum: Almost 100% of construction sites in Germany adopt mechanized construction. The main reasons for mechanized construction are environmental protection, economy, efficiency, and the guarantee of construction quality. Reduce environmental pollution - without the need for on-site mixing of mortar, machinery can fully or semi automatically mix dry mixed mortar with water as required. Reduce labor costs - no need for dedicated personnel to mix and transport mortar, mixing and conveying can be done through equipment. Improve construction efficiency - The efficiency of mechanized construction is 3-5 times that of manual construction. Improving construction quality - after being accelerated by a certain amount of air, mortar is sprayed onto the wall, and the wet adhesion between the mortar and the wall is stronger; The mortar is continuously sprayed onto the wall, which has good continuity and can effectively prevent hollowing and cracking.

　　04石膏抹灰噴涂施工與手工抹灰施工人工成本的核算以6萬平米的內墻粉刷為例，進行兩種施工方式下的人工成本核算：項目配備四臺噴涂設備，每臺設備配5人進行機械化施工，每臺設備的工作量為600平米每天（噴1.5cm厚）；如果用人工進行施工，熟練工人每天每人可以完成抹灰45平米（抹灰厚度同樣為1.5cm）；考慮人工成本上漲的趨勢，我們設定了250元/人/天、350元/人/天、450元/人/天三個單位成本進行計算，計算結果如下表。假定進口噴涂設備價格為70000元/臺，則當人工成本達到350元/人/天時，采用機械噴涂不到1個月完成一個6萬平米的工程，就可以將設備的采購成本收回。PART4抹灰石膏的施工工藝

　　The calculation of labor costs for gypsum plastering spraying construction and manual plastering construction is based on a 60000 square meter interior wall plastering project. Two construction methods are used to calculate labor costs: the project is equipped with four spraying equipment, each with five people for mechanized construction, and each equipment has a working capacity of 600 square meters per day (spraying 1.5cm thick); If manual construction is used, skilled workers can complete 45 square meters of plastering per person per day (with a plastering thickness of 1.5cm); Considering the trend of rising labor costs, we have set three unit costs of 250 yuan/person/day, 350 yuan/person/day, and 450 yuan/person/day for calculation. The calculation results are shown in the table below. Assuming the price of imported spraying equipment is 70000 yuan per unit, when the labor cost reaches 350 yuan per person per day, mechanical spraying can be used to complete a 60000 square meter project in less than a month, and the procurement cost of the equipment can be recovered. Construction process of PART4 plastering gypsum

　　抹灰石膏施工質量直接影響到房屋結構使用、居住及安全可靠性，為此在抹灰石膏施工中，需嚴格控制施工質量，認真執行國家、地方及企業制定的施工規范和標準，使之在建筑生產活動中落實到位，施工當中嚴格按照施工工序細則進行施工并確保其施工質量。

　　The construction quality of plastering gypsum directly affects the use, living, and safety reliability of building structures. Therefore, in plastering gypsum construction, it is necessary to strictly control the construction quality, conscientiously implement the construction specifications and standards formulated by the state, local governments, and enterprises, and ensure their implementation in construction production activities. During construction, construction must be carried out strictly in accordance with the detailed rules of the construction process to ensure its construction quality.

　　01手工抹灰的一般工序頂棚抹灰工藝流程搭設腳手架→基層處理→探線、找規矩→抹灰→抹面層灰墻面抹灰工藝流程做標志塊→找方沖筋→陰陽角處理→做護角→制備料漿→抹灰操作→修補平整→壓光、驗收02噴涂工藝基層處理→機械準備→材料準備→砂漿攪拌→過篩→泵送→噴涂→托大板大面積找平→刮杠局部找平→搓平壓光→抹踢腳線（板） →清理落地灰基層處理包括嵌門窗縫、做護角線、做標志及標筋、澆水濕潤等。內墻面噴底子灰有兩種工藝：一種是先做墻裙、踢腳線和門窗護角，后噴灰；另一種是先噴灰，后做墻裙、踢腳線和門窗護角。前一種比后一種容易保證砂漿與墻面基層的粘結質量，清理用工較少，但技術上要求較高，且要做好成品保護。實際工程中采用前一種流程的較多。

　　01 General process of manual plastering: Ceiling plastering process: Setting up scaffolding → Base treatment → Exploring lines and finding rules → Plastering → Surface layer plastering process: Making marking blocks → Finding square and reinforcing bars → Treating internal and external corners → Making corner protectors → Preparing material slurry → Plastering operation → Repairing and leveling → Pressing and acceptance 02 Spray coating process: Base treatment → Mechanical preparation → Material preparation → Mortar mixing → Screening → Pumping → Spraying → Large area leveling of support boards → Local leveling of scraping bars → Rubbing and pressing flat → Applying skirting boards (boards) → Cleaning the floor plaster base treatment, including embedding door and window joints, making corner protectors, making signs and reinforcing bars, watering and moistening. There are two techniques for spraying base plaster on interior walls: one is to first make wall skirts, skirting boards, and door and window corner protectors, and then spray plaster; Another method is to first spray dust, and then make wall skirts, skirting boards, and door and window corner protectors. The former method is easier to ensure the bonding quality between the mortar and the wall base than the latter method, requires less cleaning labor, but has higher technical requirements and requires good protection of the finished product. The former process is more commonly used in practical engineering.

　　PART5抹灰石膏的優勢

　　Advantages of PART5 plastering gypsum

　　01循環經濟要求采用100%煙氣脫硫石膏，保護礦藏與自然環境，減少二氧化硫、二氧化碳排放；生產過程能耗低；可循環利用，世界公認的可持續綠色建材

　　01 Circular economy requires the use of 100% flue gas desulfurization gypsum to protect mineral deposits and the natural environment, reduce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions; Low energy consumption in the production process; Recyclable and globally recognized sustainable green building materials

　　02可以做到降低空鼓、開裂工程質量問題優異的保水性和粘結強度，與各種墻材的粘附出彩佳；石膏凝結硬化過程中體積微膨脹的特性，使得石膏砂漿表面光滑、形體飽滿。

　　02 can achieve excellent water retention and bonding strength to reduce engineering quality problems such as hollowing and cracking, and has excellent adhesion to various wall materials; The characteristic of slight volume expansion during the setting and hardening process of gypsum makes the surface of gypsum mortar smooth and the shape full.

　　03效率高袋裝成品，機器噴涂，單層抹灰施工，方便快捷；凝結硬化、干燥快，可提早進行下道工序；效率提升約3倍，節省大量人工。

　　03 High efficiency bagged finished products, machine spraying, single-layer plastering construction, convenient and efficient; Solidification hardening and drying are fast, and the next process can be carried out in advance; Efficiency has increased by about 3 times, saving a lot of labor.

　　04更加的經濟容重小，同樣的面積只需更少的材料；質輕，減少運輸成本；?無需澆水養護，節約人工和寶貴水資源05調節室內氣候

　　04 has a smaller economic density and requires less material for the same area; Lightweight, reducing transportation costs; No need for watering and maintenance, saving labor and precious water resources. Adjust indoor climate

　　06健康友好石膏的水汽滲透性和 PH值，與人皮膚的化學-物理性質驚人的相似，被稱為“可近皮膚”的建材 ；具有生物溶解性，凡是吸入身體內的石膏粉會被人體吸收，不影響身體健康；?不含甲醛、放射性元素等有害物體。07更好的防火性能石膏是不燃材料而且其導熱系數比水泥砂漿低（0.28對比0.87），所以它能更長時間阻止熱量的傳導；石膏（CaSO4·2H2O）具有大量的結晶水（約重量的21%），不幸火災時結晶水會先蒸發并吸收熱能，提供更長的逃生時間并且防止被保護的構件過早受熱；根據國外的試驗，石膏中結晶水的分解速度約為每6mm厚15分鐘。

　　The water vapor permeability and pH value of 06 health friendly gypsum are surprisingly similar to the chemical physical properties of human skin, making it a building material that can be close to the skin; It has biological solubility, and any gypsum powder inhaled into the body will be absorbed by the human body without affecting physical health; Does not contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde and radioactive elements. 07 has better fire resistance. Gypsum is a non combustible material and its thermal conductivity is lower than that of cement mortar (0.28 compared to 0.87), so it can prevent heat conduction for a longer period of time; Gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) contains a large amount of crystalline water (about 21% by weight). Unfortunately, during a fire, the crystalline water evaporates and absorbs heat energy, providing a longer escape time and preventing protected components from being heated too early; According to foreign experiments, the decomposition rate of crystal water in gypsum is about 15 minutes per 6mm thickness. ?

　　08良好的熱工性能噴涂石膏與木材的平均導熱系數相近，具有與木材相似的暖性，表面手觸感更舒適。綜上所述，石膏抹灰與水泥抹灰的對比如下表：

　　08 has good thermal performance. The average thermal conductivity of sprayed gypsum is similar to that of wood, and it has a similar warmth to wood. The surface feels more comfortable to the touch. In summary, the comparison between gypsum plastering and cement plastering is shown in the following table:

　　PART6石膏抹灰與水泥抹灰墻面對比分析

　　Comparative analysis of PART6 gypsum plastering and cement plastering wall surfaces

　　抹灰石膏與水泥砂漿的經濟對比根據市場調查收集的價格數據整理分析后，計算成本指數和價值指數，如下表所示。經過市場調查、功能分析和綜合評價，石膏砂漿雖然價格比水泥砂漿高，但是石膏砂漿的價值指數比水泥砂漿大，尤其噴涂石膏砂漿的價值指數非常大，性價比非常高。

　　The economic comparison between plastering gypsum and cement mortar is based on the price data collected from market research, and the cost index and value index are calculated as shown in the following table. After market research, functional analysis, and comprehensive evaluation, although gypsum mortar is priced higher than cement mortar, its value index is greater than that of cement mortar, especially for spray gypsum mortar, which has the highest value index and cost-effectiveness.

　　PART7抹灰石膏的應用領域

　　Application areas of PART7 plaster gypsum

　　01內墻抹灰各種輕質砌塊、板材內隔墻、混凝土墻面，已完水泥砂漿基面的精細找平。02室內頂棚抹灰現澆混凝土頂棚、輕質板材吊頂03建筑節能系統外墻內保溫系統、外保溫系統的內保溫補充04輻射采暖&制冷墻面/吊頂系統

　　01 Interior wall plastering with various lightweight blocks, board partitions, concrete walls, and fine leveling of cement mortar base surface. 02 Indoor ceiling plastering, cast-in-place concrete ceiling, lightweight board ceiling 03 Building energy-saving system External wall internal insulation system, internal insulation supplement of external insulation system 04 Radiant heating&cooling wall/ceiling system

　　PART8抹灰石膏的發展

　　The development of PART8 plastering gypsum

　　抹灰石膏作為一種非常古老的建筑材料之一，已經歷了上萬年的應用與發展，這足已證明其頑強的生命力，尤其是近50-60年干混砂漿技術的快速發展，以及各種配方技術與施工技術的發展，抹灰石膏這種傳統的建筑材料又迎來了一個非常佳的發展時期。非常是隨著抹灰石膏憎水技術的發展，抹灰石膏的耐水性能得到了一個較大的提升，抹灰石膏在室內裝飾裝修中將會得到非常大范圍的應用。隨著城市化的進展進入中后期，重裝修抹灰石膏需求占比逐步提升。根據國家統計局的統計數據，中國的房地產高速增長階段已過，新開工面積增速相對平穩后，內裝品質的標準會逐步提升，抹灰石膏會有強勁增長之勢。隨著國人健康環保意識的不斷增強，抹灰石膏的用量將出現快速增長。綜上所述，內墻裝飾使用抹灰石膏的推廣普及程度，是影響抹灰石膏銷量的主要因素。

　　Gypsum plaster, as one of the oldest building materials, has undergone tens of thousands of years of application and development, which fully proves its tenacious vitality. Especially in the past 50-60 years, with the rapid development of dry mixed mortar technology, as well as the development of various formula and construction techniques, gypsum plaster, this traditional building material, has ushered in the best period of development. Especially with the development of hydrophobic technology for plastering gypsum, the water resistance of plastering gypsum has been greatly improved, and plastering gypsum will be widely used in indoor decoration and renovation. With the progress of urbanization entering the middle and later stages, the proportion of demand for heavy-duty plastering gypsum is gradually increasing. According to the statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, China's high-speed growth stage of real estate has passed. After the growth rate of new construction area remains relatively stable, the standards for interior quality will gradually improve, and there will be a strong growth trend for plastering gypsum. With the increasing awareness of health and environmental protection among the Chinese people, the amount of plaster used will experience rapid growth. In summary, the promotion and popularity of using plaster gypsum for interior wall decoration is the main factor affecting the sales of plaster gypsum.

　　PART9施工問題解答

　　PART9 Construction Problem Answers

　　01石膏砂漿的吸水性問題踢腳線部位石膏與混凝土地坪中水接觸是否會有不良反應，表面抹膩子或進行其他面層裝飾是否回吸膩子層或裝飾層的水。石膏砂漿具有一定的吸水性能，但在吸水干燥后又會恢復到原有狀態和強度，不會影響到施工質量。注意：石膏砂漿不能長期在水中浸泡。施工現場做48小時浸泡，干透后墻面無掉粉、脫落想象石膏砂漿墻面待抹灰層干燥后（墻面濕度達到20%以下時，夏天2~3d、冬天3~5天）可批刮普通膩子；以防起泡。02石砂漿強度問題石膏砂漿墻面打螺絲或膨脹螺絲等效果，是否影響業主后期裝修及使用功能。石膏砂漿強度滿足國家標準（強度大于4MPa），不影響業主后期裝修及使用功能石膏砂漿在完全干透后的顏色為白色、微黃、灰色，由于沖筋部位先干燥硬化而呈現出干燥后的顏色，顧在大面施工完成初期與沖筋部位顏色不一致，待整體抹灰層干透后顏色基本趨于一致（在抹灰層完成后可批刮面層石膏膩子或普通膩子從而達到整體顏色一致）。但要注意如果刮涂‘過薄的墻面，建議注意配方改進。抹灰層污染可用鏟刀清理后用專業搓板進行打磨，從而達到交付質量要求。03石膏砂漿的適用性公區是否可使用石膏砂漿；精裝房交付是否使用石膏砂漿(相應的掛磚問題及吸水性）公區部位可使用石膏砂漿抹灰（但掛磚部位不建議使用石膏砂漿底層抹灰）；精裝房室內干區部位適應于石膏砂漿抹灰，既能解決空鼓開裂、還具有一定的保溫、防火功能。

　　The water absorption problem of gypsum mortar: Will there be any adverse reactions when gypsum comes into contact with water in the concrete floor at the skirting line? Will the surface be coated with putty or other decorative layers absorb water from the putty layer or decorative layer. Gypsum mortar has certain water absorption properties, but after absorbing water and drying, it will return to its original state and strength, which will not affect the construction quality. Attention: Gypsum mortar should not be soaked in water for a long time. Soak the construction site for 48 hours, and after it dries completely, there should be no powder or peeling off on the wall surface. Imagine the gypsum mortar wall surface. After the plaster layer is dry (when the wall humidity reaches below 20%, 2-3 days in summer and 3-5 days in winter), ordinary putty can be applied; To prevent foaming. Does the effect of screwing or expanding screws on gypsum mortar walls affect the homeowner's later decoration and functional use. The strength of gypsum mortar meets the national standard (strength greater than 4MPa), which does not affect the later decoration and use function of the owner. The color of gypsum mortar after complete drying is white, slightly yellow, and gray. Due to the drying and hardening of the reinforcement area, it presents a dry color. Considering that the color of the reinforcement area may not be consistent in the early stage of the large-scale construction, the color will basically become consistent after the overall plastering layer is dry (after the plastering layer is completed, the surface layer gypsum putty or ordinary putty can be scraped to achieve overall color consistency). However, it should be noted that if scraping or painting on a wall that is too thin, attention must be paid to improving the formula. The contamination of the plaster layer can be cleaned with a scraper and polished with a professional washboard to meet the delivery quality requirements. Can gypsum mortar be used in public areas; Is gypsum mortar used for the delivery of furnished houses (corresponding issues with brick hanging and water absorption)? Gypsum mortar plastering can be used for public areas (but gypsum mortar bottom plastering is not recommended for brick hanging areas); The dry area of the interior of the furnished room is suitable for plastering with gypsum mortar, which can not only solve the problem of hollowing and cracking, but also has certain insulation and fire prevention functions.

　　采用石膏砂漿抹灰的精裝房后期維修成本為“零”交付后開線槽，可用切割機或人工剔鑿成槽，待預埋件完成后可用同種石膏砂漿或石膏膩子填補（不建議采用水泥砂漿填補，因水泥具有收縮及色差等問題）。石膏砂漿不空鼓、不開裂，不存在后期維修整改及費用問題；傳統水泥砂漿抹灰后期修補、維修費用一般為抹灰綜合單價的10%。

　　The post maintenance cost of a fully decorated house using gypsum mortar plastering is "zero". After delivery, a wire groove can be opened, which can be cut with a cutting machine or manually chiseled into the groove. After the embedded parts are completed, the same type of gypsum mortar or gypsum putty can be used to fill it (it is not recommended to use cement mortar to fill, as cement has shrinkage and color difference problems). Gypsum mortar does not have hollowing or cracking, and there are no issues with later maintenance, rectification, or cost; The cost of post repair and maintenance of traditional cement mortar plastering is generally 10% of the comprehensive unit price of plastering.

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