抹面砂漿施工看起來簡單，但很多人不知道：抹面砂漿要分3層施工，每層的配比和功能完全不同。做錯一層，整面墻都可能空鼓脫落。

The construction of plastering mortar may seem simple, but many people do not know that plastering mortar needs to be constructed in three layers, with completely different proportions and functions for each layer. If you make a mistake, the entire wall may become hollow and fall off.

第一層：底層砂漿——負(fù)責(zé)“粘住”。 底層抹灰的作用是使砂漿與底面牢固粘結(jié)。要求砂漿具有良好的和易性和較高的粘結(jié)力。保水性要好，否則水分容易被基層材料吸掉，影響粘結(jié)力。底層施工前，基層表面要處理得粗糙一些，有利于與砂漿粘結(jié)。磚墻底層多用石灰砂漿，混凝土基體常用混合砂漿。底層沒粘牢，上面兩層白做。

First layer: Bottom mortar - responsible for "adhesion". The function of bottom plastering is to firmly bond the mortar with the bottom surface. Require mortar to have good workability and high bonding strength. Good water retention, otherwise moisture is easily absorbed by the base material, affecting the bonding strength. Before the construction of the bottom layer, the surface of the base layer should be roughened to facilitate bonding with the mortar. Lime mortar is commonly used for the bottom layer of brick walls, while mixed mortar is commonly used for concrete substrates. The bottom layer is not firmly adhered, and the top two layers are made of white.

第二層：中層砂漿——負(fù)責(zé)“找平”。 中層抹灰主要是為了找平。在底層凝結(jié)硬化后進(jìn)行。如果抹灰砂漿厚度大于10mm，建議分層抹灰，每層分別壓實、抹平。中層的作用是把墻面弄平，為面層打基礎(chǔ)。

Second layer: Middle layer mortar - responsible for "leveling". Middle layer plastering is mainly for leveling. After the bottom layer solidifies and hardens. If the thickness of the plastering mortar is greater than 10mm, it must be plastered in layers, and each layer must be compacted and smoothed separately. The role of the middle layer is to flatten the wall and lay the foundation for the surface layer.

第三層：面層砂漿——負(fù)責(zé)“好看”。 面層追求平整美觀，選用細(xì)砂。面層砂漿抹完后，表面應(yīng)平整。面層砂漿的配比通常更精細(xì)——面層砂漿應(yīng)采用1:2.5水泥砂漿或1:0.5:3.5水泥混合砂漿。抹面層灰前，先檢查底層砂漿有無空鼓、開裂。底層砂漿上的塵土、污垢要清凈，澆水濕潤后再抹面層灰。

Third layer: Surface mortar - responsible for "looking good". The surface layer pursues smoothness and beauty, using fine sand. After the surface layer mortar is applied, the surface should be smooth. The ratio of surface mortar is usually finer - the surface mortar should use 1:2.5 cement mortar or 1:0.5:3.5 cement mixed mortar. Before plastering the surface layer, check the bottom mortar for any hollowing or cracking. The dust and dirt on the bottom mortar should be cleaned, and the surface layer should be plastered after being moistened with water.

施工的先后順序：基層處理→吊直套方找規(guī)矩貼灰餅→墻面沖筋→做護(hù)角→抹底灰→抹中層灰→抹面層灰→養(yǎng)護(hù)。底灰和中層灰用1:2.5水泥砂漿或水泥混合砂漿涂抹，用磨板搓平帶毛面。做護(hù)角用1:2.5水泥砂漿，高度不應(yīng)低于2m，每側(cè)寬度不小于50mm。

The sequence of construction is as follows: base treatment → hanging straight sleeves, finding rules, pasting plaster cakes → wall reinforcement → corner protection → plastering the bottom → plastering the middle layer → plastering the surface layer → curing. Apply 1:2.5 cement mortar or cement mixed mortar to the bottom and middle layers, and use a grinding board to smooth out the rough surface. Use 1:2.5 cement mortar for corner protection, with a height of no less than 2m and a width of no less than 50mm on each side.

關(guān)鍵提醒：抹灰程序應(yīng)從上往下打底，底層砂漿抹完后將架子升上去，再從上往下抹面層砂漿。每層之間要等前一層凝結(jié)硬化后再進(jìn)行下一層。趕工期一次抹太厚，空鼓開裂就是遲早的事。

Key reminder: The plastering process should start from top to bottom, and after the bottom layer of mortar is applied, lift the frame up and then apply the surface layer of mortar from top to bottom. Each layer should wait for the previous layer to solidify and harden before proceeding to the next layer. It's only a matter of time before hollowing and cracking due to applying too much thickness during the rush to finish.